Troy
Canakkale
Ebru Sargın L., CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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Troy is an archeological and tourist site to visit in Turkiye ... Read more on WikipediaSatellite map
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In the early second century AD the provincial city of Ilion built a new theater unlike any architecture it had previously realized. At that time Roman Ilion was still best known for the large Hellenistic sanctuary of Athena (begun ca. 230 BC) with its imposing white marble temple complex bedecking the city’s acropolis. In contrast, the new theater was very small (perhaps the smallest in the whole Aegean area) and had an opulent scenae frons, or stage building. It was first discovered by Heinrich Schliemann’s architect and successor, Wilhelm Dörpfeld, in 1893, but received scant attention from archaeologists at Troy until recently (Aylward 2000, p. 138). Because of its diminutive size the current archaeologists from the University of Cincinnati name it an “odeion,” place for recitation of odes.
Briefly described, the Odeion of Ilion had a two-storey scenae of very limited depth, even including the aediculated bays. The foundation tells us how limited in depth the whole construction was, and it also shows an irregular column spacing mirrored about the center. The center opening is slightly wider than the pairs of openings to either side, and the pairs of columns which frame each opening are spaced even closer together. This inflected spacing of the vertical elements tells us the projecting and receding sections of entablature repeat in the upper storey in alignment (or stacking) with the lower entablature. This is in noticeable contrast to the trend since the late first century BC in Miletus and Ephesos where the spacing of the vertical elements is uninflected, thus allowing the projecting entablatures to alternate (or offset) from storey to storey without gross distortion of proportions. A secondary effect of the “in alignment” type of scheme is a greater inflection toward and emphasis of the center; at Ilion the Odeion has a large broken pediment spanning the center three bays at the upper storey, and at the lower storey entablature level there is no concavity, as expected by the normal rules. The upper storey also confounds the rules by including three different orders: Ionic for the major columns, Pergamene for the center bay, and Corinthian for the secondary niches. The whole scheme was a carefully orchestrated composition in white marble elements juxtaposed to colored marbles (blue-grey, violet, pink, coral, red, beige, green and yellow).
The emperor Hadrian visited the city in 124. He appears to have ordered new repairs and may have redecorated the odeon, where his statue has been found. His visit marks the beginning of a golden age, with the construction of Roman baths, a fountain (nymphaeum), and an aqueduct. Substantial parts of it survive and can be seen near Kemerdere.
Identifier: ilioscitycountry1880schl (find matches)
Title: Ilios : the city and country of the Trojans : the results of researches and discoveries on the site of Troy and throughout the Troad in the years 1871-72-73-78-79, including an autobiography of the author
Year: 1880 (1880s)
Authors: Schliemann, Heinrich, 1822-1890
Subjects: Schliemann, Heinrich, 1822-1890
Publisher: New York : Harper
Contributing Library: Harold B. Lee Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Brigham Young University
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ns in thisdirection have now been carried on systematically, chronological con-clusions may be drawn with the greatest precision from the accumulationof the debris, which show in the vertical trenches a series of stratifica-tions lying the one upon the other, and falling off obliquely. Such con-clusions could hardly have been arrived at, if the strata, which lie oneupon the other, but do not always continue on the same level, had beensimply taken off in succession. Near the surface, we see in one place the foundations of the temple,in another the wall composed of regular layers of wrought stones of theAlexandrian time, the so-called wall of Lysimachus. Its situation ishighly characteristic. In the vertical trenches made through the outer 64 NARRATIVE OF WORK AT TROY. (Introd. circumference of the hill may be seen successive slanting layers of debris,from which it may easily be perceived that the debris had been thrownover the slope of the hill. On these accumulations the wall has been
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o .M C J3 C3 ■t3 c erected:« it does not stand upon the primitive roct, but on the materialwhich has been thrown down sideways, and indeed in places where there « See the Section given in the chapter on the Greek Ilium. 1879.) yiRCHOW ON THE EXCAVATIONS. 65 is no rock at all below. It may thus be understood that the surface ofthe hill has manifestly increased in width from settlement to settlement.The circumference of the hill went on continually enlarging in the courseof time. In this way it has increased to dimensions which, in height as wellas in width, very far exceed those of the burnt city. This latter forms,in the midst of the whole, a proportionately small central part. Thesuccessive cities became continually larger and larger, and extended theirradius. Our attention was first called to this by our own work in orderto bring to light the burnt city. The debris was taken out from themidst, and carried to the side; but as the slope was here, it was carriedthrough a trench, wh
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Troy was a city, both factual and legendary, in northwest Anatolia in what is now Turkey, south of the southwest end of the Dardanelles / Hellespont and northwest of Mount Ida. It is best known for being the setting of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. Metrical evidence from the Iliad and the Odyssey seems to show that the name Ἴλιον (Ilion) formerly began with a digamma: Ϝίλιον (Wilion). This was later supported by the Hittite form Wilusa.
A new city called Ilium was founded on the site in the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus. It flourished until the establishment of Constantinople and declined gradually during the Byzantine era.
In 1865, English archaeologist Frank Calvert excavated trial trenches in a field he had bought from a local farmer at Hisarlık, and in 1868, Heinrich Schliemann, wealthy German businessman and archaeologist, also began excavating in the area after a chance meeting with Calvert in Çanakkale. These excavations revealed several cities built in succession. Schliemann was at first skeptical about the identification of Hissarlik with Troy, but was persuaded by Calvert and took over Calvert's excavations on the eastern half of the Hissarlik site, which was on Calvert's property. Troy VII has been identified with the Hittite Wilusa, the probable origin of the Greek Ἴλιον, and is generally (but not conclusively) identified with Homeric Troy.
Today, the hill at Hisarlik has given its name to a small village near the ruins, supporting the tourist trade visiting the Troia archaeological site. It lies within the province of Çanakkale, some 30 km south-west of the provincial capital, also called Çanakkale. The nearest village is Tevfikiye. The map here shows the adapted Scamander estuary with Ilium a little way inland across the Homeric plain.
Troia was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1998 [Wikipedia.org]
Located 800 metres from the site of the ancient city, the orange-coloured museum was designed by Turkish architecture studio Yalin Mimarlik to resemble an "excavated artefact".
It takes the form of a cube clad in weathering steel called Corten, which extends down below the ground into a vast subterranean level."
